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Penn Foster Virtual High School Courses

Online courses consist of rigorous discussion boards, exams, writing assignments, web field trips, and other exciting learning activities designed to prepare students for college. The online one-credit core academic courses are approved by the NCAA.

All Penn Foster High School courses are open enrollment, self-paced, and supported by teachers.

All instructional support, textbooks, workbooks, online content, and labs are included in the cost of the course.

Core Curriculum* (Click for course description)

English 1 Literature (1 credit)

LA01A00 English 1A
Through required readings and exercises, English 1A introduces literary elements such as plot, setting, character, narrator, voice, theme, irony, and symbolism. In addition, the course includes a number of graded writing assignments that require students to apply their knowledge of these elements.

LA01B00 English 1B
English 1B includes a number of different types of literary categories, including poetry, biographical and historical selections, an epic, a drama, and several types of workplace documents such as warranties and users' manuals. Students will improve their communication skills by applying what they learn to their own compositions.

English 1 Grammar (1 credit)

LA02A00 Grammar A
In Grammar A, students will study the fundamentals of grammar, such as the structure of sentences and paragraphs, parts of speech, punctuation, and spelling; write and revise paragraphs until they effectively communicate their ideas; and develop a research paper.

LA02B00 Grammar B
In Grammar B, students will explore the power of words by analyzing poetry and studying the basic structures used by writers to shape their words into thoughtful and compelling compositions. Students will learn to identify the dominant structure of a composition and write engaging, persuasive, and informative compositions using these structures. They must apply skills and knowledge gained to analyze texts and poetry and to research and write a paper based on that research.

English 1 Grammar/Literature (1 credit)

LA13A00
This course is designed to help you master essential reading and writing skills. Everything you learn in this course will provide you with skills that you can apply to just about any twenty-first-century career. People tend to listen more closely and agree with those who can communicate effectively. To accomplish writing more effectively, this course will also include many lessons in basic grammar. More specifically, you'll learn the basic rules of writing; including the parts of speech, parts of a sentence, phrases, and clauses. Additionally, you'll review the rules of punctuation, capitalization, and spelling to help you construct proper sentences and paragraphs. The grammar in this class will give you more confidence in work and social situations.

LA13B00
This course is designed to help you master essential reading and writing skills. Everything you learn in this course will provide you with skills that you can apply to just about any twenty-first-century career. People tend to listen more closely and agree with those who can communicate effectively. You'll practice your writing and speaking skills, and at the same time, you'll review the basics of English grammar that are the foundation of all communication; both verbal and written.

English 2 Literature (1 credit)

LA03A00 English 2A
English 2A presents literary elements such as plot, setting, character, and conflict and applies these elements to specific reading selections. Students are required to complete a number of graded writing assignments to help them improve their reading and writing skills.

LA03B00 English 2B
English 2B explores authors' use of literary devices such as imagery and symbolism to convey meaning. Students will learn how to analyze and compare works of the same genre, and read and interpret popular media and workplace documents.

English 3 American Literature (1 credit)

LA04A00 English 3A
English 3A introduces students to American Literature. It includes readings from the beginning of writing on the America continent, including Native American poems and myths to the colonialists' observations of their new world, to the nineteenth-century romanticists and realists, to the writing of the early twentieth century. In addition to this reading, students are required to complete several graded writing assignments.

LA04B00 English 3B
English 3B covers American literature from World War II to the present. Students will examine the interactions among current events of the time, the writer's purpose, the subject, and audience expectations. In the process, students will gain an appreciation of what it is to be American and the significant impact that American culture has had on the world.

English 4 World Literature (1 credit)

LA05A00 English 4A
English 4A introduces literature from around the world. The course begins back thousands of years ago and presents ideas and stories of the ancient Middle East, Greece, Rome, Africa, and Asia. Students will analyze the texts they read and also complete a number of graded writing assignments.

LA05B00 English 4B
English 4B includes writings gathered from around the world. It covers writings from the Middle Ages in Europe to modern China. In addition to reading the assigned selections, students also learn about times and places to better appreciate the texts they study.

Algebra 1 (1 credit)

MA01A00 Algebra 1A
Algebra 1A introduces students to the basics of algebra, including algebraic operations, equations, proportional reasoning and statistics, linear functions, inequalities, absolute values, and systems of equations.

MA01B00 Algebra 1B
Algebra 1B provides the foundation for higher math. It includes instruction on exponents and exponential functions, polynomials, factoring, quadratic functions, rational functions, coordinate geometry, probability, functions, and transformations.

Geometry (1 credit)

MA02A00 Geometry A
Geometry A provides numerous hands-on activities to help students understand the deep theoretical relationships between lines, angles, polygons, circles, and three-dimensional figures. Specifically, students study length and angles; proofs and theorems; introductory logic; polygons; parallels; congruence; perimeter and area of triangles, parallelograms, and trapezoids; circumference and area of circles; the Pythagorean Theorem; solid shapes; coordinates in three dimensions; lines and planes in space; and perspective drawing.

MA02B00 Geometry B
Geometry B provides numerous hands-on activities to help students understand the deep theoretical relationships between lines, angles, polygons, circles, and three-dimensional figures. Specifically, students study area and volume of prisms, pyramids, cylinders, cones, and spheres; similarities in shapes; area and volume ratios; elements of circles (chords, arcs, tangents, inscribed angles and arcs, and secants); elements of trigonometry; graph theory; fractal geometry; and proof and logic.

Chemistry (1 credit)

SC03A00 Chemistry A
Chemistry A provides a solid foundation of chemistry. It includes the following topics: the science of chemistry, matter and energy, atoms and moles, the Periodic Table, ions and ionic compounds, covalent compounds, the mole and chemical composition, chemical equations and reactions, stoichiometry (the science that deals with quantities of substances in chemical reactions), and causes of change.

SC03B00 Chemistry B
Chemistry B continues the foundations of Chemistry A. Specific topics include states of matter and intermolecular forces, gases, solutions, chemical equilibrium, acids and bases, reaction rates, oxidation, reduction, electrochemistry, nuclear chemistry, carbon and organic compounds, and biological chemistry.

Pre-Algebra (1 credit)

MA08A01
As you make your way through this online course, you'll encounter many challenges and rewards. You'll develop fluency with rational numbers and proportional relationships. In addition, you'll learn mathematical concepts that will provide a transition into formal algebra and geometry. You'll also develop multiple strategies for analyzing situations. As your problem-solving abilities increase through exploration of sophisticated, relevant problems, your life and education opportunities will expand, and your knowledge and decision-making skills will improve.

MA08B01
Welcome to Pre-Algebra! During this semester, you'll develop fluency with ratios, similarity, and percents to solve problems. You'll find theoretical and experimental probabilities, estimate probabilities, use The Fundamental Counting Principle, and convert between probability and odds of a specified outcome. You'll also solve and graph multistep equations and inequalities, find terms in sequences, represent functions, and identify and graph functions.

Algebra 2 (1 credit)

MA03A00 Algebra 2A
Students in Algebra 2A study data and linear representations, numbers and functions, linear equations, inequalities, matrices, quadratic functions, and polynomial functions. While studying these topics, students will learn the relevance of their new knowledge to practical applications.

MA03B00 Algebra 2B
In Algebra 2B, students study exponential and logarithmic functions; rational functions and radical functions; conic sections, including parabolas, circles, ellipses, and hyperbolas; discrete mathematics, including counting principles, probability, series, patterns, and statistics.

Earth Science (1 credit)

SC01A00 Earth Science A
Earth Science A covers the structure, composition, and natural processes of Earth. It provides students with a basic knowledge of Earth, its features, its history, and its processes.

SC01B00 Earth Science B
In Earth Science B, students will learn about Earth, what's on it, what's in it, and how it works. They will test their ideas, gather data, and relate concepts. Students will analyze rocks, study earthquakes and volcanoes, examine fossils, explore the oceans, and even learn to predict weather.

Biology (1 credit)

SC02A00 Biology A
In Biology A, students will explore the characteristics of life and the major common themes of biology, including evolution and homeostasis. They'll also investigate the ways that their actions and choices can affect both the living and nonliving components of Earth.

SC02B00 Biology B In Biology B, students will analyze the defining characteristics of organisms belonging to different taxonomic groups and explore how evolution and natural selection produced this diversity from a common ancestor. Some of the specific topics covered are bacteria, protists, fungi, viruses, and the form and function of plants and animals.

Physics (1 credit)

SC07A00 Physics A
Physics A begins with an introduction to the science of physics. It includes topics such as motion in one and two dimensions, vectors, forces and the laws of motion, work and energy, momentum and collisions, circular motion and gravitation, heat, thermodynamics, vibrations, and sound.

SC07B00 Physics B
Physics B covers light, reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction, electricity, magnetism, induction, atomic physics, and subatomic physics.

Physical Science (1 credit)

SC04A00 Physical Science A
Physical science includes both physics and chemistry. Physical Science A focuses on chemistry. Students will study the states and structures of matter; atoms; acids, bases, and salts; nuclear changes; and motion and energy.

SC04B00 Physical Science B
Physical Science B focuses mostly on physics. Students will study heat and temperature; waves, sound, and light; electricity and magnetism; and technology. This course also introduces students to earth and space science.

Civics (1 credit)

SS02A00 Civics A
In Civics A, students will gain a sound understanding and appreciation of the documents that are the foundation of the American constitutional democracy, such as the Constitution of the United States and Declaration of Independence; the organization of the United States government at all levels; the United States political system; and the role of citizens in government.

SS02B00 Civics B
Civics B explores the role of citizens in society, the economic system of the United States, and foreign policy.

World History (1 credit)

SS03A00 World History A
World History A begins with the dawn of civilization and tells the stories of the ancient civilizations in Africa, Europe, and Asia. Students will explore the art, geography, politics, philosophy, and culture of the Greeks and the Romans as well as the important features of early civilizations in Africa, the Americas, and the Middle East. Next, they'll study the rise of the Byzantine Empire, the dynasties of East Asia, the kings of early Russia, and the Islamic world. Finally, they'll examine the events of the Middle Ages, ending in the Renaissance and the Age of Exploration and Expansion.

SS03B00 World History B
Students in World History B will explore the eras of absolute monarchs, the Enlightenment, the Age of Imperialism, Industrialization, the devastating wars of the 1900s, and events to the present time. They'll also study geographic features and economic and political theories that have influenced governments that have risen and fallen through the years.

American History (1 credit)

SS01A00 American History A
American History A covers the time period from the earliest natives through the late nineteenth century. It includes the discovery and settlement of the country by the Europeans; the English colonies and the war for independence; the forming of a new nation and its challenges; westward expansion, the Civil War, and reconstruction; and the immigration of people from diverse cultures and countries.

SS01B00 American History B
American History B traces the rise of the United States as a world power. It covers the period from the end of the nineteenth century to the present. Specifically, students study the age of reform, progressive politics, World War I, the Great Depression, the New Deal, World War II, the Cold War, civil rights, women's rights, the Vietnam War, and recent presidential terms (from Richard Nixon to George W. Bush)

Electives* (Click for course description)

Art Appreciation (.5 credit)

FA0201
This course will provide you with a basic knowledge of the history, media, techniques, tools, and cultural implications of the visual arts. By completing this course, you'll learn how art is and can be an integral part of your life.

Music Appreciation (.5 credit)

FA0101
This course introduces you to basic music theory, analysis, and history in order to broaden your interest in and understanding of music.

Fitness Topics (1 credit)

HP0101
You're probably aware of the effects of poor fitness, but do you know the real benefit of good fitness? Most exercise and physical fitness experts agree that good fitness benefits you both physically and mentally.

Regular exercise and a healthy diet can lower your resting heart rate; keep veins and arteries elastic and free from obstruction; improve your lungs; burn calories; strengthen bones, joints, and muscles; reduce the risk of disease; alleviate the harmful effects of stress; and increase your ability to handle tension.

Consumer Math (1 credit)

MA07A Consumer Math A
Consumer Math A covers the mathematical tools and concepts that enable students to function effectively in the world of business and personal finance. Topics include gross and net pay, sales commissions, income tax, banking services, loans, credit cards, money management skills, shopping for a home and a car, and mortgages.

MA07B Consumer Math B
Consumer Math B begins with a study of personal insurances (life, disability, and health) and investments. The remainder of the course covers how businesses operate. Students study business data analysis, business technologies, managing people and inventory, sales and marketing, and international business.

Spanish 1 (1 credit)

FL01A00 Spanish 1A
Spanish 1A introduces the fundamentals of Spanish vocabulary and grammar through reading, writing, and oral activities. It presents the basics of pronunciation and sets the groundwork for conversing in rudimentary Spanish. The course also includes an explanation of the differences in words used in Hispanic and Latino cultures, as well as the traditions, history, and geography of these cultures.

FL01B00 Spanish 1B
Spanish 1B builds on the Spanish vocabulary and grammar introduced in Spanish 1A. It introduces the vocabulary of communicating about such practical activities as ordering in a restaurant, cooking meals, keeping healthy, celebrating holidays, and taking vacations. The course also includes information on the cultures of several Spanish-speaking countries.

Spanish 2 (1 credit)

FL02A00 Spanish 2A
Spanish 2A continues the vocabulary and grammar instruction from Spanish 1. Students will increase their ability to express themselves in Spanish as they begin to use new words, phrases, and verb tenses. They'll also study the customs and traditions of people in different Spanish-speaking cultures.

FL02B00 Spanish 2B
Spanish 2B helps students improve their fluency and comprehension through practice in conversation. The emphasis is on speaking Spanish in daily life and studying the geography and history of selected Spanish-speaking countries. Students will also continue to expand their Spanish reading and writing skills.

Geography (1 credit)

SS04A00 Geography A
Geography A introduces students to maps, weather, climate, landforms, bodies of water, natural resources, population and cultural geography, economic geography, and urban and rural geography. The course then relates these factors to the areas of North and South America and Europe.

SS04B00 Geography B
Geography B covers Russia, Northern Eurasia, Asia, Africa, and the lands in the Pacific. Students will explore landforms, bodies of water, climate zones, natural resources, human populations, cultural diversity, historical forces, and economic systems of these areas.

Trigonometry & Analytic Geometry (1 credit)

MA04A00 Trigonometry and Analytical Geometry A
In Trigonometry and Analytical Geometry A, students will learn how the six trigonometric ratios are derived from the side lengths in right triangles. They'll also study how to convert between the degree and radian measure of an angle; how to evaluate the six trigonometric functions for any given angle; how to develop, analyze, interpret, and manipulate the graphs of the six trigonometric functions and their inverses; and how to apply trigonometry to solve problems in various real-world contexts.

MA04B00 Trigonometry and Analytical Geometry B
In Trigonometry and Analytical Geometry B, students will learn to relate the six trigonometric functions to one another through equations and identities. In addition, they'll learn how to derive and apply the Law of Cosines and the Law of Sines, use trigonometry to describe and analyze vector quantities, work with complex numbers and polar-form graphing, derive mathematical relationships based on trigonometric properties, and apply trigonometry to solve problems in various real-world contexts.

[Students need graphic calculators to complete this course.]

Psychology (1 credit)

SS05A00 Psychology A
Psychology A explores how psychologists unravel the mystery of what it is to be human, the biological processes that enable us to make sense of the world around us, how we learn and how we remember what we've learned, the nature of intelligence, and the relationship between thought and language.

SS05B00 Psychology B
Psychology B covers emotions, their components, and how they affect our lives. Specifically, the course examines motivation, human growth and development, gender roles, psychological tests, psychological disorders, therapies, and stress.

Economics (1 credit)

SS07A00 Economics A
Economics A covers microeconomics, which focuses on how businesses move resources around the economy to produce products for sale to households, foreign markets, governments, and other businesses; and how households, businesses, governments, and the central bank work together to achieve a successful flow of resources for the economy as a whole.

SS07B00 Economics B
Economics B focuses on macroeconomics, which explores how consumers, businesses, and foreigners interact to determine the total amount of output, employment, and income for the economy. Macroeconomics also explores the general level of prices and how government policies (tax collections and expenditures) and central bank policies (money supply and interest rates) can be used to achieve a more favorable outcome.

Understanding Computers (1/2 credit)

TE01A00 Introduction to Computers A
In Introduction to Computers A, students study the basic features and some advanced features of Microsoft Word 2003, Microsoft PowerPoint 2003, and Microsoft Excel 2003. The course uses step-by-step tutorials to teach the basics of these programs. Lessons are designed with project-based activities and hands-on practice.

TE01B00 Introduction to Computers B
Introduction to Computers B begins with a study of what a computer is and the skills, knowledge, and tools necessary to use one. Students study hardware, including processing and memory devices, storage devices, and input and output devices; system software and application software; computer networks; the Internet and the World Wide Web; network and Internet security; multimedia and the Web; e-commerce; computer security and privacy; intellectual property rights; ethics; health-oriented and equal access issues; and the impact of computers on the environment.

Microsoft Office (1/2 credit)

Computer Applications (1/2 credit)

SC01A00 Earth Science A
Earth Science A covers the structure, composition, and natural processes of Earth. It provides students with a basic knowledge of Earth, its features, its history, and its processes.

SC01B00 Earth Science B
In Earth Science B, students will learn about Earth, what’s on it, what’s in it, and how it works. They will test their ideas, gather data, and relate concepts. Students will analyze rocks, study earthquakes and volcanoes, examine fossils, explore the oceans, and even learn to predict weather.

Condensed Credit Recovery** (Click for course description)

Algebra 1 (1 credit)

MA05 Algebra 1
Algebra 1 summer school includes an overview of the following topics: patterns, operations, equations, proportional reasoning, linear functions, inequalities, absolute values, exponents and exponential functions, polynomials, factoring, quadratic functions, rational functions, radicals, probability, and functions and transformations.

Algebra 2 (1 credit)

MA09 Algebra 2
This course includes a good review of the following topics: data and linear representations, numbers and functions, systems of linear equations and inequalities, quadratic functions, polynomial functions, rational functions, radical functions, conic sections, and statistics.

American History (1 credit)

SS0600 American History
This course concentrates on specific topics in American history. It begins by revisiting the early settlements and colonies, the American Revolution, the Republic's early years, and the Civil War. The second half covers Reconstruction, the American West, the Great Depression, and the New Deal, concluding with World War II and the Civil Rights Movement. This course provides an overview of the important progress and challenges the country has encountered in its history.

Biology (1 credit)

SC0500 Biology
This biology course is designed to guide students to develop proficiency in biology. The course includes the following topics: the seven characteristics of life, evolution, homeostasis, cell structure and function, photosynthesis, metabolism, genetics, and ecology. The course also includes several links to hands-on laboratory experiences.

Chemistry (1 credit)

SC09 Chemistry
In this course, students learn how to relate what they see in a laboratory to what's happening at the molecular level. They test ideas, gather data, relate concepts, and look inside the atom to see how its forces determine the properties of the elements. They see effects on reactions: what combines, how fast it combines, and how likely it is to explode. They also look at larger, more complicated molecules-the organic molecules-the ones that sustain life and comprise what people eat, what they wear, what makes their cars go, and even what makes up their bodies. Specific topics include matter, energy, atoms, moles, the periodic table, ions, ionic compounds, covalent compounds, chemical composition, chemical equations and reactions, stoichiometry, intermolecular forces, gases, solutions, chemical equilibrium, acids and bases, carbon and organic compounds, oxidation, reduction, electrochemistry, and biological chemistry.

Civics (1 credit)

SS12 Civics
This course discusses the foundations of American governance, the definition of a citizen, and the rights and responsibilities of citizens. It also covers the American Constitution, the three branches of government, and the basic rights afforded to all Americans. Students learn about the structure of the federal government and how its leaders are elected. Students also gain some insight into the nature of America's state and local government, and the part citizens are expected to play to make the system work. Finally, students learn how the United States relates to the rest of the world through international relations and how America's political and economic systems take their place on the global stage.

Consumer Math (1 credit)

MA0600 Consumer Math
Consumer math summer school is an intensive six-week course that covers the mathematical tools people need to function effectively in the world of business and personal finance. Topics include wages, the income tax system, banking services, loans, credit cards, buying a car and a home, insurance, salary increases, business costs, sales, and marketing.

Earth Science (1 credit)

SC08 Earth Science
In this course, students learn about the planet they live on, what's on it, what's in it, and how it works. They test ideas, gather data, and relate concepts. They learn what the universe is made of-its tiniest particles and giant galaxies. They examine rocks, earthquakes, and fossils in their study of geology. They examine oceans, the history of the earth, and what's in the murky depths, hot and cold, as they study oceanography. Students also study meteorology, weather, astronomy, and Earth's place in the universe.

English 1 Grammar (1 credit)

LA01A00 English 1A
During this grammar course, students learn to write effective sentences and paragraphs; review how to identify and correct issues with grammar, punctuation, and usage; and develop competence in spelling.

English 1 Literature (1 credit)

LA01A00 English 1A
English 1 Summer School introduces students to a variety of literature, including short stories, nonfiction, poetry, and drama. Through their reading, students learn about plot, setting, character, narrator, voice, irony, symbolism, style, and approach. Students must also complete two short writing assignments.

English 2 Literature (1 credit)

LA01A00 English 1A
This course in literature helps students develop analytical skills that contribute to a better understanding of written works, more effective critical thinking skills, and improved writing techniques. Students study plot, foreshadowing, flashbacks, mood, tone, setting, voice, theme, and conflict. The course includes four short writing assignments.

English 3 Literature (1 credit)

LA01A00 English 1A
In this course, students read from a variety of genres: poetry, short fiction, personal narrative, and speeches. The reading ranges from the beginnings of writing on the America continent including Native American poems and myths to the colonialists' observations of their new world, to the nineteenth century romanticists and realists, to the rugged, honest, and magical writing of the twentieth century.

English 4 Literature (1 credit)

Geography (1 credit)

SS13 Geography
This course in world literature covers readings from the ancient Middle East, India, Japan, Persia, nineteenth-century Europe, and the modern era. As they read and analyze these stories, students learn literary terms such as fable, frame story, epigram, tanka, haiku, parable, antithesis, moral, and conflict.

Geometry (1 credit)

MA11 Geometry
This course includes numerous hands-on activities to clarify the deep theoretical relationships between lines, angles, polygons, circles, and three-dimensional figures. Specific topics include parallels, polygons, triangle congruence, perimeter, area, shapes, surface area, volume, similar shapes, circles, trigonometry, proof, and logic.

Physical Science (1 credit)

SC11 Physical Science
This summer school course focuses mainly on chemistry. Specific topics include matter, states of matter, atoms, the periodic table, the structure of matter, chemical reactions, solutions, acids, bases, salts, nuclear changes, motion, forces, work, energy, heat, temperature, waves, sound, light, electricity, magnetism, and communication technology.

Physics (1 credit)

SC10 Physics
Students in this course study the following topics: motion in one and two dimensions, vectors, work, energy, momentum, gravitation, heat, thermodynamics, vibrations, waves, sound, light, reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction, electric forces and fields, electric energy and current, circuits and circuit elements, magnetism, and electromagnetic induction.

Pre-Algebra (1 credit)

MA12 Pre-Algebra
Students in pre-algebra perform operations and solve problems involving equations, inequalities, graphs, integers, exponents, scientific notation, rational numbers, real numbers, perimeter and area of plane figures, three-dimensional geometry, ratios, proportions, percents, and probability.

Spanish 1 (1 credit)

FL03 Spanish
This course reviews the basic grammar elements of a typical Spanish 1 course. Students work on improving their vocabulary and using correct grammar. Listening activities help to improve students' ability to understand Spanish. Their reading skills improve as they work through guided reading practice. Students also get a taste of different Spanish-speaking cultures that give them an inside glimpse into the customs and traditions of the people behind the language.

Trigonometry (1 credit)

MA10 Trigonometry and Analytic Geometry
This course deepens students' understanding of the theoretical relationships in right triangles and demonstrates the practical application of this knowledge. Students gain a strong understanding of trigonometric concepts and improve their problem-solving and reasoning abilities. Specific topics include right-triangle trigonometry, trigonometric functions, graphs of trigonometric functions, trigonometric equations and identities, the law of sines, the law of cosines, the imaginary unit, and complex numbers.

World History (1 credit)

SS14 World History
This world history summer school gives a capsulized review of the art, geography, politics, philosophy, and culture of the Greeks and the Romans, as well as the important features of early civilizations in Africa, the Americas, and the Middle East. The course also presents the rise of the Byzantine Empire, the dynasties of East Asia, the kings of early Russia, the Islamic world, the events of the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, and the Age of Exploration and Expansion. Students explore the eras of absolute monarchs, the Enlightenment, the Age of Imperialism, industrialization, the devastating wars of the 1900s, and events to the present time. They also study geographic features and economic and political theories that have influenced governments that have risen and fallen throughout the years.

Advanced Placement

AP Art History (1 credit)

FA03A00/FA03B00 Art History
In this course, students will study art that corresponds with each period in Western history, as well as examples and influences beyond the European tradition. Beginning with the Cro-Magnons, work will cover every major period and style through the beginning of the twenty-first century. The course content will be delivered through textbook readings, online assignments, and required independent museum visits. Readings, visual analyses, research papers, and online discussions cover elements of design, symbolism, influences, and purposes of art to enable students to evaluate the meaning and quality of individual works. Students will cultivate an appreciation of various types of art and develop critical thinking skills as they expand their knowledge of the cultural context of works of art from Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Topics include the most important artists of each era, as well as the social and cultural influences that shaped artists' approaches to painting, sculpture, or architecture. The text also offers readings on music, literature, and philosophy that complement the artistic and historical context.

AP Biology (1 credit)

SC06 Biology
This course is designed to prepare students for the AP Biology exam administered by the College Board. Topics include cell biology, biochemistry, genetics and heredity, biotechnology, diversity of life, relationship of structure to function, interdependence, and evolution.

AP Calculus AB (1 credit)

Calculus
This online AP Calculus AB course consists of a full high school academic year of work and is comparable to a calculus course in college. In addition to traditional methods that rely on algebraic (paper and pencil) manipulation of mathematical expressions, the course will emphasize the latest trend in the study of calculus. Students will use a graphing calculator to learn concepts from a graphical perspective and from data expressed in table (numeric) form. They will analyze mathematical ideas and use their calculators to interpret results and confirm the data determined through analytical methods. In addition, students will use GoToMeeting, a Web conferencing tool, to explain their solutions to "On the Board" problems via a Web meeting with their instructor.

This course focuses on the four major areas in the study of calculus: limits, derivatives, indefinite integrals, and definite integrals. Students must have a solid understanding of high school algebra, geometry, and pre-calculus (including trigonometry) in order to be successful. Traditional methods of assessment will be used, including unit tests, daily homework assignments, discussion posts, calculator explorations, and advanced placement practice problems.

AP Chemistry (1 credit)

SC1200 Chemistry
This course is a college-level survey of chemistry that will take students through the content required for the successful completion of the Advanced Placement Chemistry Exam. Students will demonstrate knowledge of quantitative and qualitative analysis, chemical formulas and nomenclature, stoichiometric ratios and problem-solving, atomic structure, ionization, organic compounds, and the behavior of matter. The class will include more than 40 hours of hands-on lab experiences. Students will be required to conduct experiments, produce written lab reports, keep a portfolio of lab reports, and share their lab experiences with peers and their instructor. The course emphasizes expanding students' skills in clear and precise written expression and the ability to analyze information, weigh evidence, and reach conclusions on the basis of facts.

AP English Language and Composition (1 credit)

LA08 AP English Language and Composition
The AP English Language and Composition course helps students develop skills in rhetoric to contribute to a better understanding of written works, more effective critical thinking skills, and improved writing techniques. Well-developed communication skills, including the ability to reason and present a logical argument, are useful in any field of study or employment students may choose to enter. As they increase their ability to think methodically, evaluate the credibility of arguments, synthesize information, and express themselves clearly, their confidence will increase along with their skills.

AP English Literature and Composition (1 credit)

LA12 AP English Literature and Composition
The AP English Literature and Composition course focuses on critical reading, interpretation, and writing. The course engages students in the careful reading and critical analysis of selected texts and in understanding how writers use language to provide both meaning and pleasure for their readers. As they read, students consider a work's structure, style, and themes as well as smaller-scale elements such as the use of figurative language, imagery, symbolism, and tone.

AP European History (1 credit)

SS17 AP European History
This course is a college-level survey of European history that comprises both chronology and major events in political, diplomatic, economic, cultural, social, and intellectual aspects of European history. Students will demonstrate knowledge of basic chronology and major events and trends from 1300 through about 2007. In addition, they will analyze historical evidence, recognize principal themes in modern European history, and effectively express that knowledge in writing. The course emphasizes expanding students' skills in such areas as the effective analysis of primary sources, including documents, maps, statistics, and pictorial and graphic evidence; clear and precise written expression; and the ability to analyze information, weigh evidence, and reach conclusions on the basis of facts.

AP Human Geography (1 credit)

SS1800 Human Geography
This college-level course in human geography combines textbook readings with active involvement by the student in applying and interpreting geographic information. Students will learn the basics of human geography-what it is and how it's used, where on Earth people live and why they inhabit those particular places, and the nature of cultures and their use of land in various settings-as well as geographical concepts, models, and technologies. In addition, the course covers trends in population growth and movement, cultural differences, and political patterns and territoriality. Agriculture, industrialization and development, and urbanism comprise additional material in the course. Students will use maps and software to apply what they've learned in the textbook. Assigned activities on real-world subjects will guide students as they solve problems increasing their understanding of human geography and helping to build their critical-thinking skills. Writing assignments will help them prepare for free-response questions and semester projects will enable students to exercise their geographical skills as they gather, analyze, interpret, and report their findings.

AP Microeconomics (1 credit)

SS07 AP Microeconomics
Microeconomics studies how consumers, businesses, and foreign governments interact in the marketplace to produce and sell products, how those products are priced, what resources businesses buy to produce those products, the prices that businesses pay to resources to produce those products, and how government policies (taxes, subsidies, quotas, antitrust laws, and price and non-price regulations) affect the interaction among consumers, businesses, and foreigners and the final outcome. The policy goals of microeconomics are the efficient allocation of resources and the equitable distribution of income.

AP Psychology (1 credit)

SS09 Psychology
During this course in psychology, students explore how psychologists unravel the mystery of what it is to be human, the biological processes that enable us to make sense of the world around us, how we learn and how we remember what we learn, the nature of consciousness, and the stages of human development. To understand the basic concepts of psychology and how they apply to daily life, students study types of behavior and other issues such as motivation, gender roles, psychological tests, psychological disorders and therapies, and stress. Students also gain important skills and insights that are useful in a variety of careers, such as social work, business, education, medicine, and law.

AP Spanish Language (1 credit)

FL0400 Spanish Language
The AP Spanish Language course is designed to encourage the use of Spanish orally, aurally, and in written form, while providing a learning experience that is equivalent to taking a third-year college course. All assignments, instructions, readings, and discussions among students and the instructor will be done in Spanish, with the exception of occasional explanation or clarification. Students will use Spanish in ways that help them reach or approach a high level of proficiency. The materials selected will provide students with knowledge of grammatical and syntactical rules essential for communication. In addition, students will use various authentic materials, including Web sites for news articles, to broaden their vocabulary and exposure to the language and culture. Assessments include graded listening, speaking, and writing assignments; unit tests; comprehensive semester exams; semester projects, and informal speaking and writing activities.

AP Statistics (1 credit)

MA1400 Statistics
In your AP Statistics course, you'll develop an understanding of variability through the process of analyzing data in realistic contexts. Beginning with the planning process, you'll learn methods of data collection, describing data using graphical and numerical summaries, analyzing data, and interpreting results. Through a series of Graphing Calculator Explorations and projects, you'll use graphing calculators to perform assigned tasks.

AP United States Government and Politics (1 credit)

SS16 United States Government and Politics
This course is designed to give students an analytical perspective on government and politics in the United States. It includes both the study of general concepts used to interpret U.S. government and politics and the analysis of specific examples. It also provides background on various institutions, groups, beliefs, and ideas that constitute U.S. government and politics, as well as theoretical perspectives and explanations for various behaviors and outcomes. Topics to be explored include the constitutional underpinnings of United States government; political beliefs and behaviors; political parties, interest groups, and mass media; institutions of national government; public policy; and civil rights and civil liberties.

AP United States History (1 credit)

SS15 United States History
Advance Placement United States History is a challenging, comprehensive survey of American history from pre-colonial times through the present. Extensive time and effort are required by students to be successful in this college-level course. The course emphasizes higher-level skills such as analysis and evaluation of historical writings, speeches, essays and primary sources documents. Throughout the course, by analyzing different materials, students gain an understanding of history and America's place in history. The course includes many assignments of various types, including, but not limited to, essays, tests, research papers, and journal entries. To be successful in this course, students must demonstrate strong reading and writing skills and be willing to devote worthwhile time to all assignments.

AP World History (1 credit)

SS19 World History
This course, which adopts the periodization approach to analyzing global events, is designed to challenge students to develop independent ideas. It provides a foundation that emphasizes encounters and interactions among civilizations, as well as facts and analysis, providing a framework that is especially important for building perspective on the complexities of today's world. Through evaluating and interpreting documents, exploring diverse ideas, comparing cultures, and examining patterns, students will improve their analytical abilities and critical thinking skills. The course imposes a heavy reading and writing load, and the demands on students are equivalent to a full-year introductory college course.

Career Electives (Click for course description)

Automotive Engine Theory (1 credit)

CE25 Automotive Engine Theory
Students will learn about engine types, engine parts and operations, lubrication, cooling, and ignition systems. The course concludes with in-depth coverage of engine diagnosis, disassembly, rebuild and reassembly.

Bookkeeping 1 (1 credit)

CE20 Bookkeeping 1
Bookkeeping 1 focuses on the basic principles of common bookkeeping practices. Students learn the basics of the accounting equation and the structure of the basic books in accounting. The course also includes coverage of assets, liabilities, equity, revenues, expenses, and financial reports.

Bookkeeping 2 (1 credit)

CE21 Bookkeeping 2
This course is a continuation of bookkeeping 1 that covers accounting systems, wholesale accounting, end-of-the-month activities as applied to accounting practice, as well as a brief introduction to computer applications for bookkeeping and accounting. This course concludes with the completion of a bookkeeping project.

Business Software Applications 1 (1 credit)

CE02 Business Software Applications 1
This course is designed to develop proficiency using the advanced features of software programs to perform office-related tasks.

Computer Art (1 credit)

CE22 Computer Art
This course teaches students the fundamentals of computer art using the popular commercial software package Adobe Illustrator. Students learn the basics of good design and the basic principles of graphic design. The course also provides instruction on the basic operations of Adobe Illustrator.

Computing for College and Careers (1 credit)

CE13 Computing for College and Careers
This course is designed to provide a basic overview of current business and information systems and trends and to introduce students to the basics and foundations required for today's business environments. Emphasis is placed on developing proficiency with touch keyboarding and fundamental computer applications, so that they may be used as a communications tools for enhancing personal and work-place proficiency in an information-based society.

Construction Theory (1 credit)

CE15 Construction Theory
This course provides detailed coverage of the theory and practices used in today's residential construction industry. The course includes math skills specific for the building trades, interpreting construction drawings, tool identification and safety and framing techniques for basic house construction.

Dental Assisting Theory 1 (1 credit)

CE23 Dental Assisting Theory 1
In this course students learn the basic theory of the dental practice as it applies to the dental assistant. Coverage includes dental law and ethics, dental terminology and anatomy, cavity classification, the procedures of the dental operatory, and safety practices related to disease transmission and infection control.

Dental Assisting Theory 2 (1 credit)

CE24 Dental Assisting Theory 2
This course is a continuation of Dental Assisting Theory 1. Students learn about OSHA regulations applicable to dental practice, radiology theory, pharmacology and anesthesiology, applications of dental materials and an overview of dental specialties. Students will also learn business and office practice techniques for the dental office and the basic operations of practice management software.

Digital Design 1 (1 credit)

CE03 Digital Design 1
This course is designed to develop basic entry-level skills required for careers in the digital publishing industry. The content includes computer skills, digital publishing concepts and operations; layout, design, and measurement activities; and digital imaging.

Electricity 1 (1 credit)

CE01 Electricity 1
Electricity 1 enables students to develop the essential competencies for working in the construction electricity industry. These competencies include safety practices, direct-current electrical-circuit skills, appropriate communication and math skills, basic electricity and electrical codes and employability skills.

Electronics Technology 1 (1 credit)

CE11 Electronics Technology 1
This course provides students with an introduction to the knowledge, human relations, and technical skills of electronics technology.

Electronics Technology 2 (1 credit)

CE12 Electronics Technology 2
This course provides students with an intermediate understanding of the knowledge, human relations, and technical skills of electronics technology.

Food Preparation Theory (1 credit)

CE19 Food Preparation Theory
This course introduces students to the processes and practices of professional food preparation. Students will learn the tools and organization of a gourmet kitchen and food preparation techniques for soups, fruits and vegetables, meat and poultry, grains and pasta. The course also teaches baking techniques and an introduction to world cuisines.

Health Science 1 (1 credit)

CE05 Health Science 1
This course is designed to introduce students to basic medical terminology and body systems as well as provide an overview of the factors relating to the transmission of disease.

HVAC Theory (1 credit)

CE26 HVAC Theory
HVAC theory will introduce students to the concepts of the Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) trade. This course provides instruction on basic electrical theory; the fundamentals of HVAC - including tools, safety, equipment and hardware; and the basics of refrigeration and heating and air conditioning.

Introduction to Interior Decorating (1 credit)

CE30 Introduction to Interior Decorating
Students will learn the basic principles of design and color as well as the most common styles and periods of furniture and how to identify them. Specific instruction is provided on decorating theory related to floors and walls, fabrics, and lighting. Students also learn the basics of how to decorate based on building plans and complete a decorating project.

Introduction to Paralegal Practice (1 credit)

CE29 Introduction to Paralegal Practice
This course offers students an overview of the role and practice of the paralegal. Students learn legal terminology, the basic principles of law and the legal system and the professional and ethical practices expected of a paralegal. The course also covers elements of business law, civil and criminal litigation as well as legal research and writing.

Personal Training Theory 1 (1 credit)

CE27 Personal Training Theory 1
Students will learn the theory and terminology associated with exercise science and basic nutritional concepts necessary to maximize personal exercise programs. The course also covers essential topics related to cardio-respiratory theory and the basic concepts of muscular strength and endurance.

Personal Training Theory 2 (1 credit)

CE28 Personal Training Theory 2
This course is a continuation of Personal Training Theory 1. Students will learn strength conditioning concepts for the upper and lower body, flexibility training, injury prevention and stress management techniques. The course also covers the design of individual fitness programs and the legal and ethical issues related to the personal training industry.

Pharmacy Assisting 1 (1 credit)

CE17 Pharmacy Assisting 1
This course introduces the students to the skills required to assist a pharmacist in the role of a pharmacy assistant or pharmacy technician. Students will learn about the rules that govern pharmaceutical development and the operation of a typical pharmacy. The course also provides instruction of label preparation and prescription processing. The mathematical applications necessary for proficiency as a pharmacy assistant are also covered in this course.

Pharmacy Assisting 2 (1 credit)

CE18 Pharmacy Assisting 2
In this course students learn dispensing techniques for the most typical forms of retail pharmaceuticals. Students will also learn the basic chemistry of how drugs work; an overview of basic medical terminology, anatomy and physiology, and the most common drug classifications.

Plumbing Theory (1 credit)

CE16 Plumbing Theory
This course instructs students on the essential theory and practices employed by the plumbing profession. Students will learn math skills specific to the plumbing trade; plumbing tool identification and safety; plumbing connections; and the theory of installing plumbing fixtures.

Travel Agency Operations 1 (1 credit)

CE06 Travel Agency Operations 1
The purpose of this course is to introduce the student to the basics of travel agency operation and to the requisite employability skills needed for success in the operation of a travel agency.

Travel Agency Operations 2 (1 credit)

CE07 Travel Agency Operations 2
The purpose of this course is to develop math, sales promotion, and effective selling competencies needed for successful travel agency operations.

Veterinary Assisting 1 (1 credit)

CE08 Veterinary Assisting 1
This course is designed to develop competencies in areas such as the history of the animal industry; applied scientific and technological concepts; ecosystems; safety; and human relations skills.

Veterinary Assisting 2 (1 credit)

CE09 Veterinary Assisting 2
This course is designed to develop competencies in areas such as global importance of the animal industry; career opportunities; animal behavior; animal welfare; and animal control.

Veterinary Assisting 3 (1 credit)

CE10 Veterinary Assisting 3
This course is designed to develop competencies in the areas of animal digestive systems; animal breeding; preventive medicine and disease control; control of parasites; animal marketing; and analyzing records.

Web Design 1 (1 credit)

CE14 Web Design 1
This course is designed to provide a basic overview of the Internet, Intranet, and WWW. The content includes operating systems; basic HTML commands; navigation of the Internet, Intranet, and Web; and Web page design.